Endnotes

  1. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), 2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects. Available at https://www.un.org/ development/desa/publications/2018-revision- of-world-urbanization-prospects.html.
  2. World Health Organization, Types of healthy settings, 2010. Available at http://www.who. int/healthy_settings/types/cities/en/.
  3. DESA, Percentage of population at mid-year residing in urban areas by region, subregion and country, 1950-2050. Available at https:// esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Download/.
  4. Yves Cabannes and Agnès Deboulet. Le droit à la ville, une perspective internationale, Mouvements vol. 2, No. 74, 2013.
  5. UN Habitat, Migration and Inclusive Cities: A Guide for Arab City Leaders, 2018. Available at https://unhabitat.org/migration-and-inclusive-cities-a-guide-for-arab-city-leaders
  6. World Health Organization, World Report on Disability, 2011. Available at http://apps.who. int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/70670/WHO_ NMH_VIP_11.01_eng.pdf;jsessionid=CD3D40C 277EB1135D09256A84AC9C7F5?sequence=1.
  7. Government of Dubai, Launching a community- wide campaign to strengthen the status of every person as part of “My Community... A City for Everyone” Initiative, 2016. Available at http://tec.gov.ae/en/media-centre/press-releases/2016/within-a-community-place-for- all-initiative-a-community-wide-campaign-to- promote-the-status-of-everyones-efforts.
  8. “No bed of roses”, The Economist, 9 June 2016. Available at https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21700399-parks-are-disappearing-throughout-arab-world-no-bed-roses.
  9. “Dubai’s transport authority trains its staff to help the disabled, The National, 30 June 2017. Available at https://www.thenational.ae/uae/ dubai-s-transport-authority-trains-its-staff-to- help-the-disabled-1.93385.
  10. Government of Dubai, People of Determination Landing Page. Available at https://www.rta. ae/eservices/PeopleOfDetermination/pod/en/ landing.html.
  11. “Dubai RTA displays just how disabled- friendly it is”, Khaleej Times, 16 March 2016. Available at https://www.khaleejtimes.com/ nation/transport/rta-displays-just-how- disabled-friendly-it-is.
  12. “For persons with disabilities, accessible transport provides pathways to opportunity”, World Bank, 13 December 2013. Available at http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/ feature/2015/12/03/for-persons-with- disabilities-accessible-transport-provides- pathways-to-opportunity.
  13. Chris De Gruyter, Graham Currie and Geoff Rose, Sustainability measures of urban public transport in cities: A world review and focus on the Asia/Middle East region, Sustainability, vol. 9, No. 1, 2016.
  14. Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Riyadh, Jerusalem, Tehran, Mashhad and Tel Aviv.
  15. Chris De Gruyter, Graham Currie and Geoff Rose, Sustainability measures of urban public transport in cities: A world review and focus on the Asia/Middle East region, Sustainability, vol. 9, No. 1, 2016.
  16. Ibid.
  17. ESCWA, Strengthening Social Protection for Persons with Disabilities in Arab Countries, 2017.
  18. “The ‘Disabled Outreach Bus’ project – Improving the lives of disabled people in Gaza”, Interpal, 14 August 2015. Available at https://www.interpal.org/20150814-the- disabled-outreach-bus-project-improving- the-lives-of-disabled-people-in-gaza/.
  19. Samir Shalabi, “New campaign seeks to make Egypt’s streets more accessible for the disabled”, Egyptian Streets, 4 November 2017. Available at https://egyptianstreets. com/2017/11/03/new-campaign-seeks-to- make-egypts-streets-more-accessible-for- the-disabled/.
  20. Sarah ElMeshad, “Cairo by wheelchair: Navigating the city is almost impossible for people with disabilities”, Egypt Independent, 5 November 2012. Available at http://www. egyptindependent.com/cairo-wheelchair- navigating-city-almost-impossible-people- disabilities/.
  21. Samir Shalabi, “New campaign seeks to make Egypt’s streets more accessible for the disabled”, Egyptian Streets, 4 November 2017.
  22. Sarah ElMeshad, “Cairo by wheelchair: Navigating the city is almost impossible for people with disabilities”, Egypt Independent, 5 November 2012.
  23. World Bank Group, Implementation completion memorandum, 31 January 2017.
  24. Andrea Faber Taylor and Frances E. Ming Kuo, Could exposure to everyday green spaces help treat ADHD? Evidence at children’s play settings”, Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, vol. 3, No. 3, 2011.
  25. Klaus Seeland and Simone Nicolè, “Public green space and disabled users”, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, vol. 5, No. 1, 2006.
  26. “No bed of roses”, The Economist, 9 June 2016.
  27. Audrey Everist, “Revisiting approaches to water management in water-scarce Gulf”, IPI Global Observatory, 11 May 2018. Available at https://theglobalobservatory. org/2018/05/revisiting-approaches-water- management-gulf/.
  28. Nadeem Hashem, “Assessing spatial equality of urban green spaces provision: A case study of Greater Doha in Qatar”. Local Environment, vol. 20, No. 3, 2013.
  29. Public health England, “Local action on health inequalities: improving access to green spaces”, Health Equity Evidence Review 8, September 2014. Available at https://assets. publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/357411/Review8_Green_spaces_health_ inequalities.pdf.
  30. Anera, “A new park and playground for Ramallah, West Bank”. Available at https://www.anera.org/stories/new-park- playground-ramallah-west-bank/.
  31. Ramallah Municipality, Vision and mission. Available at http://www.ramallah.ps/page.asp x?id=bE02G1a1939672614abE02G1.
  32. Ramallah Municipality, The Garden of Nations: where cultures converge. Available at http://www.ramallah.ps/page.aspx?id=uV0z uOa1948238391auV0zuO.
  33. Anera, “A new park and playground for Ramallah, West Bank”.
  34. ESCWA, Disability in the Arab Region (forthcoming).
  35. “Invisible Citizens: Living with Disability in Iraq”, Arab Weekly, 2 April 2017. Available at https://thearabweekly.com/invisible-citizens- living-disability-iraq.
  36. Sarah Saluh, Abdulkareem, Sumarni Ismail and Noor Fazamimah Abd Hamid, “Lacking of social interaction at open spaces in the city of Baghdad, Iraq”, 7th International Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research 2018, March 2018. Available at http://www. ep.liu.se/ecp/146/043/ecp18146043.pdf.
  37. ENTALEQ, Ramp Project. Available at http:// entaleq.helmegypt.org/en/news/VSJvqXpnic.
  38. World Bank Group, Implementation completion memorandum.
  39. Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Higher Council for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Law on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2017, p.p. 1-49.
  40. Definitely Able, Accessible Qatar. Definitely Able. Available at http://www.definitelyable. com/project/accessible-qatar-2/.
  41. Nadeem Hashem, “Assessing spatial equality of urban green spaces provision: A case study of Greater Doha in Qatar”. Local Environment, vol. 20, No. 3, 2013.
  42. Sanaullah Ataullah, “First of its kind inclusive playground for disabled kids in Qatar”, The Peninsula Qatar, 5 December 2017. Available at https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/ article/05/12/2017/First-of-its-kind-inclusive- playground-for-disabled-kids-in-Qatar.
  43. Chendan Yan, “Who owns the ‘right to the city’? Moving towards urban inclusivity”, Yale School of Forestry Environmental Studies Blog, 6 June 2016. Available at https://environment. yale.edu/blog/2016/06/who-owns-the-right-to- the-city-moving-towards-urban-inclusivity/.